Future of the Internet

Key Terms (Software)

Address: column letter and row number in a spreadsheet
Agents: Software to be managed rather than manipulated.
Auto correction: correct common typing errors.
Automatic Footing: save from putting footnotes and endnotes.
Automatic Formatting: apply automatically format to the text.
Automatic Hyphenation: divide long words that fall at the ends of lines.
Automatic Link: spreadsheets, when you make a change all of the liked work change.
Automatic Recalculation: easy correction of errors.
Bar Chart: when data falls into few categories.
Bot: robots that help the consumer or the customer in IT. E.g. games, decision making…
Cell: spreadsheet, intersection between column and row.
Column: letter spreadsheet.
Desktop Publishing: makes publishing easier for “experts”
Electronic Book: handled book with certain memory.
Electronic Paper: paper-like, display black and white images on it’s surface.
Equation Solvers: makes easier to manipulate “what if” questions.
Feedback Loop:
Footer: at the bottom of the page, it’s repetitive information.
Formula: step-by-step procedure to calculate a desired number.
Function: works as a calculator in a spreadsheet, typing a certain column and row etc…
GIGO: Garbage In Garbage Out (in values)
Grammar and Style checker: checks for errors in context
Groupware: can keep track of a document’s history as it’s passed among group members.
Header: on the top of the document, repetitive information.
HTML: HyperText Markup Language, documents can be easily published on the web.
Justification: alignment of text in a line.
Label: spreadsheet makes easier to understand numbers. E.g calculate monthly grades
Line Chart: mark trends and relationships between two variables.
Macro: multi-step sequence of instruction that helps to save time by automating repetitive task.
Mail Merge: in word processors to make personalized form letters.
Math-Processing Software: easier for mathematicians o save time and manage complex calculations.
Modeling: use of computers to create abstract models of objects, organizations, processes etc.
Online Banking Services: software that enables to pay bills, check balance, and transfer funds.
Outliner: Microsoft Word, Gives you the ability to change arrange and rearrange a document.
Page-Layout Software: is used to combine various source documents into an appealing publication.
Pie Chart: relative proportions of the parts of a whole.
Replication: flexible extensions of the basic “copy and paste.”
Scatter Chart: discover rather than display the relation of two variables.
Scientific-Visualization Software: it helps to understand relationships that are invisible to us.
Source Document: first steps of publishing, such as articles, drawings, chapters maps etc.
Speech Recognition Software: looks for paterns in the sound waves and locates then into words.
Spelling Checker: compares the words in the document to the disk-based dictionary.
Spreadsheet Software: enables the user to manipulate, understand and control numbers.
Stack Chart: proportions over change on time.
Statistical Analysis Software: suggest the answers to questions by testing the strength of data.
Statistics: the sience of collecting and analyzing data.
Stylesheet: containing custom styles for each of the common elements in a document.
Tax-Preparation Software: works as prefabricated worksheet, you enter numbers and it fills other blanks.
Templates: professionally designed “empty” documents that can be adapted to specific use.
Thesaurus: tool to find the right word.
Value: raw material (numbers) introduced in a spreadsheet.
“What if?” Questions: enables to change numbers and see the effects of those-
Wizard: coach or helping features to do complex document formatting.
Worksheet: malleable matrix, also called spreadsheet.
3-D modeling software : used to create 3-D objects with tools similar to those in drawing software
animation : creating motion from still pictures
audio digitizer : any recorded sound as a sample in a digital device
augmented reality(AR) : displayed information with the real matter front of eyes
bit depth : the number of bits for each pixel
bitmapped graphics : a data structure representing a generally rectangular grid of pixels
bullet chart : list the main points of a presentation
button : hot spots that respond to mouse clicks
color depth : same as bit depth
compression : compression data for being able to be stored in smaller spaces
computer-aided design : the use of computers to design products
computer-aided manufacturing : manufacturing or prototyping product components and tooling
computer-integrated manufacturing : a major step toward a fully automated factory
digital video : to edit video, splice scenes, add transitions, create titles
drawing software : collection of lines and shapes not as a dot
frame : one still picture
gray-scale graphics : each pixel to appear as black, white , or shades of gray
hypermedia : interactive multimedia
hypertext : searching technology to find informations wich are stored as electronically
image processing software : manipulating digital photos and other high-resulution images with tools
interactive multimedia : the viewwer/listener to take an active part in the experience
MIDI : a standard interface used to send commands between computers and musical instruments
mixing : combining multiple tracks, adding audio efects, and balancing volumes
MP3 : a patented digital audio encoding format using a form of lossy data compression
multimedia : some combination of text, graphics, animation, video, music, voice, and sound effects
multimedia authoring software : to create and edit multimedia documents
object-oriented graphhics : based on mathematical equation to represent images in computer graphics
painting software : to be able to use "paint" pixels on the screen with a pointing device
palette : finite set of colors for the management of digital images
PDF(portable document format) : digital documents to be exchanged between programs independent of application software, hardware, or operating system
pixel : a single point in a raster image
podcast : radio-style programs that can be downloaded on demand or automatically by subscription
presentation-graphics software : software which users can creat highly stylized images for slide shows.
public domain : IPdesignation for the range of content that is not owned or controlled by anyone
resolution : the density of the pixels, dots per inch-dpi
sample : a digital sound file
sequencing software : software or hardware designed to create and manage computer-generated music
synthesized : digitally recorded tele-immersion : person to feel as if they were present, to give the appearance that they were present
vector graphics : the use of geometrical primitives such as points, lines, curves, and shapes or polygon video-editing software
-application server : server stores applications and run it when client program request it.
-application service provider(ASP) : a company that manages and delivers application services on a contracts.
-cookie : small files in the visitor's hard disk
-cyberspace : describtion of shared virtual reality
-data-drivien Web site : automatically changing web page depeding on what user is interested in
-dial-up connection : the Internet require no infrastructure other than the telephone network
-dynamic IP address :Sharing an IP Address with several other customers.
-digital divide : a phenomenon that differences between the one who has ability which can contect to new technology and not the one is getting wider.
-electronic money : the money which is saved as electronical method and used on the Internet
-email server : Kind of a local post oiffce for a particular Internet host
-file server : shared the storage of computer files on the local network
-file transfer protocol(FTP) : the way and the program to transfer files from this computer to that computer
-filtering software : a computer program to process a data stream
-HyperText Markup Language(HTML) : one of a basic programing language to create web document
-Internet2 : consortium of university, government, and companies in the America to boot up creating next generation Internet
-Internet service provider(ISPs) : the company which provide the access of the Internet to peron or company.
-internetworking : collection of a communications network or WAN
-Java : object-oriented programming language from Sun Microsystems, Inc
-JavaScript : scripting language whic is based on object-oriented Programming
-net neutrality : the principle that all Internet traffic should be treated equally.
-open standards : a standard that is publicly available and has various rights to use associated with it
-packet-switching : a communication mode which transfers some data by unifomly length
-plug-ins : a computer program that interacts with a host application (a web browser or an email client, for example)
-pull technology : a communication which a client request for data to the server
-push technology : a communication wich a given trsnsaction is initiated by the publisher or central server
-RSS : a way to show the contents. Normally used for news or blogs.
-static IP address : manually assigned to a computer by an administrator
-streaming audio : play audio in a real time
-streaming video : play video in a real time
-Synchronized Multimedia Integration Language(SMIL) : standard presentation language to control and arrange multimedia data by XML
-TCP/IP(Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol) : standard protocol which is used for transfering data or connecting twocomputers which use differenct systems
-uniform resource locator(URL): standard to indicate the location of files
-web authoring software : software which is like Dreamweaver
-World Wide Web(Web) : international Internet 'net' to find informations easily
-XHTML : markup language. The grammar is stricter than HTML

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Windows 7 Vs. Apple

The launch of Windows 7 may dampen Apple's revenues in the short term, according to a recent analyst note from RBC Capital Markets, but in the long term the Mac franchise will remain hardy.

"We do not expect Microsoft's pending launch of Windows 7 … to erode Apple's Mac franchise," Mike Abramsky, an analyst with RBC Capital Markets, wrote in an Oct. 20 research report. "The six-to-one domestic popularity of the 3GS iPhone over the $99 version to us illustrates consumer willingness to pay a premium for Apple innovation."

Apple posted a strong earnings report for the fourth fiscal quarter of 2009, reporting revenue of $9.87 billion and a quarterly profit of $1.67 billion. Buoying those numbers were strong sales of the iPhone 3GS, which moved 1 million units in the three days following its release in June, and 3.05 million Macs. The company's sales of Macs rose 17 percent year over year, while its laptop sales increased year over year by 35 percent.

Although Apple is a substantial presence in the portable media device and smartphonemarkets, some analysts see the potential for an eventual reversal in the company's fortunes. Brian Marshall, an analyst with Broadpoint AmTech, suggested in an Oct. 12 research note that the carrier subsidies that Apple earns from the iPhone are unsustainably high in the long term.

But Abramsky said he sees a larger short-term threat to Apple from Microsoft and Windows 7, the launch of which, "along with expected positive reviews, publicity and marketing/promotions, may offer near-term headline risk to [Apple's] valuation."

Part of the short-term risk likely comes from the massive marketing push that Microsoft and its ecosystem partners have devoted to the Windows 7 launch. Given the variety of PCs priced lower than Macs, a market flooded with inexpensive, Windows 7-loaded product was predicted by analysts before the operating system's Oct. 22 debut in general release.

"It shouldn't surprise you that the PC deals will be strong," Rob Enderle, an analyst with the Enderle Group, said in an e-mail to eWEEK before the launch. "Most of the inventory won't hit shelves (and they built a lot of it) until the 22nd and the hardware vendors will be doing whatever they can to move it … which should lead to some very aggressive system and bundle pricing."

Any change in Apple's share of the overall PC market will be watched closely over the next few quarters. Much of Apple's gains in the arena over the past few years likely came at the expense of Windows Vista, Microsoft's infamously bloated operating system; whether users who jumped into the Mac camp will decide to return to PCs, given the reported reliability of Windows 7, is a question certainly on the minds of both Apple and Microsoft executives.

A combination of refreshed Macs and products rumored to be in Apple's pipeline for 2010 could help mitigate the effect of Windows 7 on Apple's market share across various divisions. Apple's most recent earnings call saw company executives predicting a decline in gross margins for next quarter, a factor they attributed not to competitive pressures but a mix of rising air-freight costs, lower margins on new products and declining "Snow Leopard" sales as the market for that operating system reaches its saturation point.

Overall, Apple is predicting revenues of $11.3 billion for the holiday quarter. That suggests a company that could be affected, but not damaged, by a Microsoft resurgence.

Want to record your life?

Originally invented to help jog the memories of people with Alzheimer's disease, it might one day be used by consumers to create "lifelogs" that archive their entire lives.

Worn on a cord around the neck, the camera takes pictures automatically as often as once every 30 seconds. It also uses an accelerometer and light sensors to snap an image when a person enters a new environment, and an infrared sensor to take one when it detects the body heat of a person in front of the wearer. It can fit 30,000 images onto its 1-gigabyte memory.

The ViconRevue was originally developed as the SenseCam by Microsoft Research Cambridge, UK, for researchers studying Alzheimer's and other dementias. Studies showed that reviewing the events of the day using SenseCam photos could help some people improve long-term recall

Interested in film?

In the past, movie studios relied heavily on focus groups, audience surveys and reviews by film critics to anticipate how their films would fare at the box office.
But recent months have underscored the influence of online word-of-mouth in a world where a Twitter comment can help break or make a movie.

"The writing is on the wall much quicker than ever before," said Pete Blackshaw, executive vice president of Nielsen Online's digital strategic services, which is one of the largest such services working with studios.
"If you know the dog's not going to hunt, at what point do you start to get more efficient and say, 'OK, we're not going to spend everything, maybe we save the marketing budget for DVD,'" Blackshaw said.

Online buzz drove "Paranormal Activity" to a $7.9 million box office in the U.S. and Canada last weekend, setting a record for a movie playing in less than 200 theaters. The low budget horror flick is now on its way to wider release.
But in July, the raunchy comedy "Bruno" gave a lesson in the perils of another kind of audience horror, as it suffered a sharper-than-usual box office drop after its opening following negative comments by individuals on Web sites like Twitter and Facebook.
But all was not lost. "Bruno," which made a disappointing $60 million at U.S. and Canada box offices, inspired a new service to measure online reaction to movies.

A creation of advertising firm Bradley and Montgomery, the outfit Fizziology puts out a weekly chart showing which movies are getting people talking.
Two days before the Paramount Pictures release "Paranormal Activity" opened in 160 movie theaters, the Fizziology Web chart showed it was generating more online buzz than such highly anticipated films as November's "Twilight" sequel "New Moon," and that people were saying good things.

"What's really cool about this is the fact that we're listening in and we're paying attention, and folks don't even necessarily know," said Ben Carlson, co-creator of Fizziology.
"When someone comes out of 'Paranormal Activity' and says, 'It was so scary I won't sleep again,' that's positive buzz."
Christine Birch, president of marketing at DreamWorks Studios, said marketers are increasingly taking into account what average moviegoers say online.